&
                              |
                              |
     |
         |
     ]9   |
      |
            |
                              |
                              |
      :     |
    |
     -   |
       |
                              |
  :        |
          |
  ,             |
     |
    |
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                   |
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             ]2023            |
V------------------------------]

  
 
 ,
   
  

 !

  
 ..
   
 ..

   









:  _"



                             {I

           

             ]1
     ]1. ⪮  -
      -
    쭮 ࠡ  -
    쭮 '''''''']2
]1.]1. ,।஢ 
   ଠ஢ ⥪ 
    ⠭⭮ -
      ࠩ᪮ 
  ᯫ''''''''''''''''''''']2
]1.]1.]1.  ⥪''''''''']2
஫ ''''''''''']6
]1.]1.]2.   ⥭
  ⥪'''''''''''''''''''''']8
஫ '''''''''']14
]1.]1.]3. 뤥 ࠣ-
   ⥪'''''''''''''''''']15
஫ '''''''''']18
]1.]1.]4. ஢
  ⥪''''''''''''''''''''']19
஫ '''''''''']22
]1.]1.]5. ଠ஢
  ⥪''''''''''''''''''''']23
஫ '''''''''']29
 {II
]1.]2. ࠢ -
  묨    
  ⠭⭮   
  ࠩ᪮ ᯫ''''''']31
]1.]2.]1.  
  '''''''''''''''''''']31
஫ '''''''''']38
]1.]2.]2.  ࠢ-
     ''''']39
஫ '''''''''']47
]1.]3.   
  ୥   ⠭-
  ⭮   ࠩ-
  ᪮ ᯫ''''''''''']48
஫ '''''''''']55
ࠪ᪨ ''''''''']56
     ]2. ࠡ⪠ 
    ⥪⮢ ଠ樨 
    {MS {Word  㠫-
     ஫'''''''''''']63
]2.]1. ࠢ 䮣-
  ᪨ 訡'''''''''''']64
]2.]1.]1. ஢ઠ 䮣-
  䨨  ࠬ⨪  
   ⥪''''''''''''''']65
஫ '''''''''']69

                            {III
]2.]1.]2. ஢ઠ 䮣-
  䨨  ⮢ ⥪''''''']70
஫ '''''''''']75
]2.]1.]3.  ।
  {Word'''''''''''''''''''''']77
஫ '''''''''']80
]2.]2.  ᯨ᪮'''''']81
]2.]2.]1.  ᯨ᪮  
  । {Word'''''''''''']81
஫ '''''''''']84
]2.]2.]2.  㬥-
   ᯨ᪠''''''''''''']85
஫ '''''''''']90
]2.]2.]3.  ન-
   ᯨ᪠''''''''''''']91
஫ '''''''''']95
]2.]3. ⮬᪨ 
    ࠣ⮢ 
  ⥪''''''''''''''''''''']96
]2.]3.]1.    
   񭭮 ⥪'''''''']96
஫ ''''''''']102
]2.]3.]2.   
  ⥪'''''''''''''''''''']103
஫ ''''''''']106


 {IV
]2.]4.  ᯥ樠-
   㭪樨 ணࠬ 
  㠫쭮 㯠  
  ଠ樨'''''''''''''''']107
஫ ''''''''']112
ࠪ᪨ '''''''']113
     ]3.   
    ⠡栬  㠫-
     ஫''''''''''']120
]3.]1. ᪨ ⠡ 
   {MS {Word''''''''''''''']120
]3.]1.]1.  ⠡ 
   {Word''''''''''''''''''']120
஫ ''''''''']123
]3.]1.]2. ८ࠧ
  ⥪  ⠡'''''''''']124
஫ ''''''''']127
]3.]1.]3.  ᫠
  ப  ⮫殢'''''''']127
஫ ''''''''']131
]3.]1.]4.   ⠡-
  栬'''''''''''''''''''''']132
஫ ''''''''']135
]3.]2. ᪨ ⠡ 
   {MS {Excel'''''''''''''']136
]3.]2.]1   
  '''''''''''''''''''']136
                            {V
஫ ''''''''']138
]3.]2.]2.  易
  '''''''''''''''''''']138
஫ ''''''''']143
]3.]2.]3. 뫪''''''']144
஫ ''''''''']146
]3.]2.]4. ,६  
  ਬ砭'''''''''''''''']146
஫ ''''''''']150

             ]2
     ]3.   ⠡-
    栬  㠫쭮
    ஫ (砭)'''''']1
]3.]2. ᪨ ⠡ 
   {MS {Excel (砭)'''']1
]3.]2.]5. 譨  ⠡- 
   ( ⥫쭮 
  ⥭)''''''''''''''''''''']1
஫ ''''''''''']3
]3.]3. ,㭪樨  -
   ⠡'''''''''''''']4
]3.]3.]1. ᫥  祩-
   ࠡ祣 ''''''''''']4
஫ '''''''''']10
]3.]3.]2. ⭮⥫  
  ᮫ 뫪'''''''''']11
 {VI
஫ '''''''''']14
]3.]4.    
  ୥''''''''''''''''''']14
஫ '''''''''']17
ࠪ᪨ ''''''''']18
     ]4.  -
    樨  㠫쭮 
    ஫''''''''''''''''']24
]4.]1.  ꥪ⮢ -
  樮 ⥬ {Windows''']24
஫ '''''''''']34
]4.]2.    䠩-
    {Total 
  {Commander''''''''''''''''']36
஫ '''''''''']46
]4.]3.    
  ୥''''''''''''''''''']47
஫ '''''''''']54
ࠪ᪨ ''''''''']55
     ]5.   
    ணࠬ஢  
    ணࠬ 㠫쭮
    㯠  ଠ樨''''']57
]5.]1. ᪨ -
  '''''''''''''''''''''']57
஫ '''''''''']63
]5.]2.   ࠬ஬''''']64
                            {VII
஫ '''''''''']75
]5.]3.   ஢મ 
  ᫮'''''''''''''''''''']76
஫ '''''''''']86
]5.]4. ࠡ⪠  
   横''''''''''''']87
஫ '''''''''']94
]5.]5.  横''''''']95
஫ ''''''''']102
ࠪ᪨ '''''''']102
     ]6. 樠 
     樮
    ⥬ {Windows  
      ''''''''''''''']114
]6.]1. ࠭ 㯠'''''''']114
஫ ''''''''']120
]6.]2. ࠭ '''''']121
஫ ''''''''']125
]6.]3. ᮢ ࠢ 
    ⥪''''''''''''']126
஫ ''''''''']130
]6.]4. ࠢ 㠫-
   ।⠢ -
  樨''''''''''''''''''''']130
஫ ''''''''']134


 {VIII
     ]7. ࠩ᪨ 
    ਭ'''''''''''''''']135
]7.]1.  ࠩ᪨ 
  ਭ஢''''''''''''''''']135
஫ ''''''''']140
]7.]2. ࠢ ࠩ-
  ᪨ ਭ஬'''''''''''']141
஫ ''''''''']148
]7.]3. ⮢ ⥪ 
     ࠩ'''''''']149
஫ ''''''''']153
















                            ]1

 । 襬 
祡 ᮡ  ଠ⨪
  ⮣ 
ᯥ樠   誮
। 稥  ⥫
ਮ  । -
  ᢥ  ࠪ-
᪮  ࠡ  ᮭ-
   㠫쭮
஫. ࢠ  ⮩ -
 饭 ७  -
饭 祭   
몮  ⮩ .  -
⢥ ᢮ ᭮
ਠ  室 -
 묨 񬠬 ࠡ 
ଠ樥   ணࠬ
{JAWS for {Windows  {NVDA.
   ⪮ -
  ࢮ . ᫥騥
 ᮤঠ ਠ, -
  ᮮ⢥⢨  ணࠬ
 ଠ⨪   -
  ⮬ .


 ]2

             ]1
    ⪮   
       㠫쭮 ࠡ
    ᮭ쭮 
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

 ]1.]1. ,।஢ 
    ଠ஢ ⥪
     ⠭⭮ 
     ࠩ᪮ 
   ᯫ

 ]1.]1.]1.  ⥪
    ७ ᭮
୮ ࠩ (쬨-
筮 ⥬ ࠩ). 
㤥 ਢ ᠭ 
  ,  ,-
 ॡ  祭 -
᫥饣 ਠ .
  ९  
ᯥ樠 ᨬ:
 `. (窠)- 窠 ]3;
 `, ()- 窠 ]6;
 `: (稥)- 窨 ]4-]6;

                            ]3
 `! (᪫⥫ )-
窠 ]5;
 `? (⥫ )-
窨 ]1-]4-]5-]6;
 `; (窠  ⮩)- 窨
]2-]3-]7;
 `"% (窨)- 窠 ]4;
 `( ( 㣫 ᪮)-
窨 ]1-]2-]6;
 `) (ࠢ 㣫 ᪮)-
窨 ]3-]4-]5;
 ` ( ⭠ ᪮)-
窨 ]1-]2-]3-]5-]6-]7-]8;
 ` (ࠢ ⭠ ᪮)-
窨 ]2-]3-]4-]5-]6-]7-]8;
 `_< ( 䨣ୠ ᪮)-
窨 ]1-]2-]6-]7-]8;
 `>, (ࠢ 䨣ୠ ᪮)-
窨 ]3-]4-]5-]7-]8;
 `* ()- 窨 ]3-]5-]7;
 `}/ (   )-
窨 ]3-]4;
 `- (  )- 窨
]3-]6;
 `+ ()- 窨 ]2-]3-]5-]7;
 `= ( ࠢ⢠)- 窨
]1-]2-]3-]4-]5-]6.
 ]4
 `' ()- 窨 ]4-]7;
 `}: (ન)- 窨
]4-]5-]6;
 `^# (⪠)- 窨 
]3-]4-]5-]6;
 `]0% (業)- 窨 ]1-]4-]6;
 `< ()- 窨 ]5-]6;
 `> ()- 窨 ]4-]5;
 `^D ()- 窨 ]4-]6-]7;
 `@ (ᮡ)- 窨 ]3-]4-]5-]7;
 `[? (⨫줠)- 窨 
]1-]2-]4-]5-]6.
 ,   ⥪
  ᫥ ⮩ 
窨  ⮩   -
. ⨬ ⫨砥 쬮 
ࠩ  쬠 ᪨ ⮬
( 祬).   
室 ࠬ⭮ 㯮ॡ-
  㪢. 
  ᪮ ࠭樮
⠡  ९ 
:
 `, ()- 窠 ]6;
 `. (窠)- 窨 ]4-]6;
 `? (⥫ )- 窨
]1-]4-]5-]6;
                            ]5
 `! (᪫⥫ )-
窨 ]2-]3-]4-]6;
 `; (窠  ⮩)- 窨
]5-]6.
   ᪮ ࠭樮-
 ⠡  ⠪, 
 ᪮ ᭨묨. 訥
㪢  ⮦   -
᪮ ࠭樮 ⠡ 
ᥤ쬮 窮.
 ᫨ 室   -
    -
 ࠩ᪮ ᯫ -
筮  ᫮  ।-
  ᪮ 몥, 
㤥 㤮 ४  
 ࠭樮 ⠡-
 {Us}:{Unicode.  ४-
祭 ࠭樮 ⠡ ᫥-
  窨 ]2-]3-]4-]5-]7
+஡.
 ࠢ   ᯮ짮
ࠩ᪮ ᯫ   㪢
᪮  ⨭᪮ 䠢⮢
     
ਢ. 

 ]6
    筮 -
 ⥪  ᪮  -
᪮ 몠, ⠪  -
  ᯥ樠 ᨬ
 ᠬ⥫쭮. -
,  ᪮ (⨭-
᪮) ᪫  -
室   
, ⠪   ⥪⮢
ணࠬ    㣨
.

:::::  ஫   ::::
  ]1.   㬠,祬 㦭
㬥  㪢 ᪮
䠢?
  ]2.  ⠪ ࠭樮
⠡ ࠩ᪮ ᯫ?
  ]3.   ࠩ᪮ ᯫ
४ ࠭樮
⠡ ᪮  ᪮
몮?
  ]4.   ࠩ᪮ ᯫ
 㪢 ᪮ 䠢-
  ᪮ ࠭樮 ⠡-
?
  ]5.   ࠩ᪮ ᯫ
                            ]7
  ९  -
᪮ ࠭樮 ⠡?
  ]6.    㤮 
ᯮ짮  ࠭-
樮 ⠡?
  ]7. 㫨 ࠢ ᯮ-
    ⥪ 
筮 .
  ]8. 㫨  
 㪢  ࠡ  -
 .
  ]9.   筮 
 ᪮ ᪫ :
 ) ;
 ) ;
 ) 稥;
 )   ⮩;
 ) 窨;
 ) 񧤮?
  ]10.   筮 
 ᪮ ᪫ :
 ) ;
 ) ;
 ) 稥;
 )   ⮩;
 ) 窨;
 ) 񧤮?
 ]8

]1.]1.]2.  
    ⥭ ⥪
  樨  ⥪  
⥭   ࠩ᪮
ᯫ ਬ ᫥騥
:
 - ६   ।-
騩 ᨬ   
ᨭ⥧஬ - 窠 ]3
+஡;
 - ६   ᫥-
騩 ᨬ   -
窠 ]6 +஡;
 -  ⥪騩 ᨬ-
窨 ]3-]6 +஡;
 - ६   砫
।饣 ᫮  
- 窠 ]2 +஡;
 - ६   砫
᫥饣 ᫮  
- 窠 ]5 +஡;
 -  ⥪饥 ᫮- -
 ]2-]5 +஡;
 - ६   ।-
 ப   -
窠 ]1 +஡;
                            ]9
 - ६   ᫥-
 ப   - -
 ]4 +஡;
 -  ⥪ ப-
窨 ]1-]4 +஡;
 - ६   砫
⥪饩 ப- 窨 ]1-]3
+஡;
 - ६   
⥪饩 ப- 窨 ]4-]6
+஡;
 - ६   砫
।饣   
- ࠢ {Shift + -
祫쪠  (祫쪠  ।-
  ࠩ᪮ -
);
 - ६   砫
᫥饣   
- ࠢ {Shift + -
祫쪠  (祫쪠  ।-
  ࠩ᪮ -
);
 -  ⥪騩 - -
 {Shift +ࠢ {Shift +窨
]2-]3-]5-]6-]7-]8;

 ]10
 -   ⥪- 窨
]1-]2-]4-]5-]6 +஡;
 - ⠭ -  
ࠢ {Shift.
 ,  樨 
⥪ 뢠 㤮 ᯮ짮-
 樮 --
祫쪨. ᯮ   -
  ࠩ᪮ ᯫ
᫥  ࠢ  ࠩ᪮
ப.   室 -
  ० 樨.
  樮 --
祫:
 -  " ப% 
  ⨨ 樮
-祫쪨 室 
砫 ᫥饩  ।饩
ப ( , 
⮬ ० ࠩ᪨ ᯫ
㤥 뢠 ⮫쪮 
]40 ᨬ ப. ᫨ ப
, ⠢  
ᯫ   㤥);
 -  " ।% 
 ⨨ 樮
-祫쪨 ॢ 
                            ]11
 砫 ᫥饣  ।-
饣 ।;
 -  " 栬%  
⨨ 樮 --
祫쪨 ॢ   -
 ᫥饣  ।饣
;
 -  "ࠬ஢ -
%   
⥪  ᫨   㬥頥
 ப ࠩ᪮ ᯫ.
..,᫨   
 樮 --
祫쪨  ० "ࠬ஢
ᯫ%,  ப 
᫥  ⥪ 
 ப ⮪. । -
⨥ 뢥  ᯫ ᫥-
  ⥪  ⠪ . 
  뢠 ⠪  -
 ६饭   -
 ⮡ࠦ  ப
⥪    ⨭-
.
  ਢ ᯨ᮪ 
筮   ⥭ 
樨,   -
 ]12
 :
 - ]5 ( ஢ )- -
뢠 ᨭ⥧஬  ⥪-
騩 ᨬ;
 - ]5 ( ஢ ) 
- 䮭᪨ 뢠
⥪騩 ᨬ (ந ᫮-
,稭饥   㪢);
 - ]5 ( ஢ ) 
ਦ- 稢  ⥪饣
ᨬ;
 - {Ctrl +५ ࠢ- -
頥   砫 ᫥-
饣 ᫮  뢠 ;
 - {Ctrl +५ - ६-
頥   砫 ।-
 ᫮  뢠 ;
 - {Ins +]5 ( ஢ )-
뢠 ⥪饥 ᫮;
 - {Ins +]5 ( ஢ )
 - 뢠 ⥪-
饥 ᫮  ᨬ;
 - {End- ६頥   -
 ப;
 - {Home- ६頥  
砫 ப;
 - ५ - ६頥 -
                            ]13
  ᫥ ப  -
뢠 ;
 - ५ - ६頥
  । ப 
뢠 ;
 - {Ins +५ - -
 ⥪ ப;
 - {Alt +५ - ६-
   砫 ᫥饣
।  뢠 ;
 - {Alt +५ - ६-
頥   砫 ।-
 ।  뢠
;
 - {Alt +]5 ( ஢ )-
뢠 ⥪饥 ।;
 - {Ctrl +५ - ६-
頥   砫 ᫥饣
  뢠 ;
 - {Ctrl +५ - ६-
頥   砫 ।-
   뢠 ;
 - {Ctrl +]5 ( ஢ -
)- 뢠 ⥪騩 ;
 - {Ins +५ - -
  ⥪;
 - {Ctrl- ⠭ .
 ]14

:::::  ஫   ::::
  ]1.  ⠪  
⥪?
  ]2.    ࠩ᪮
ᯫ ६ :
 )  ᨬ ࠢ;
 )  ᫮ ;
 )  ப ;
 )  砫 ப;
 )  砫 ᫥饣 ?
  ]3.    -
樮 -祫쪨 
ࠡ  ⥪⮬  ࠩ᪮
ᯫ?
  ]4.  ४ ० -
樮 -祫 
ࠩ᪮ ᯫ?
  ]5.   砥  ०-
 " ப%  "ࠬ-
%  㤥 ࠧ  -
 ⥪  ࠩ᪮ -
?
  ]6. 祬  ࠩ᪮ -
 㦭  ⨭?
  ]7.   ࠡ  筮
  ६
                            ]15
:
 )  ᫮ ࠢ;
 )  ப ;
 )  ᫥饥 ।;
 )  砫 ப;
 )  砫 ᫥饣 ;
 )   ⥪?
  ]8.   ࠡ  筮
   ᨬ-
 䮭᪨?   ?

 ]1.]1.]3. 뤥 
   ࠣ ⥪
  뤥 ୮ -
 ⥪   ࠩ-
᪮ ᯫ  ᮮ⢥饩
 樨 
窠 ]7. ਬ,⮡ 뤥-
 ᫮ ᫥   
 㪢   
窨 ]5-]7 +஡.  ࠩ-
᪮ ப  뤥 ᫮-
  窨 ]7  ]8,
ᨭ⥧ ந 
᫮   "뤥%.
 뤥 ந ࠣ
⥪   ᯮ짮
 ]16
 ⨭.  ⮣ 㦭
㯠  ᫥饬 -
:
 ]1.    
{Shift   ⨭ 
ᨬ, ண ᫥ -
 뤥.
 ]2. ६   -
  樨  ,
 뤥  -
.
 ]3.    
{Shift   ⨭ 
ᨬ ࠢ  ᫥
뤥塞.
 ࠣ ⥪ 뤥.
  뤥 ࠣ ⥪
  筮  
蠬  樨 -
室   {Shift.
ਬ, 뤥 
᫥ ⠭   -
砫  ࢮ ப  
 {Ctrl +{Shift +५
.
  ࠡ  ⥪⮢ ।-
 {Word 㯭   祭
                            ]17
㤮  뤥
ࠣ ⥪.  -
 ॠ   -
 ७ 뤥,
⠭  ⨥
 {F]8.   ⮩ -
 ࠧ 뤥 ⥪騩
ᨬ, {JAWS ᮮ: "०
७ 뤥 %.
 񭭮 ० ७-
 뤥  
 ࠧ 뤥 ⥪,
 ஬   ६.
㣨 ᫮, ⮬ ०
  樨 ࠡ
⠪,  筮 樨 
⮩ 襩 {Shift.
  ᫥饥 ⨥ {F]8
뤥  訩 
 ⥪. 뤥 -
  ⥪ ⠪ -
ࠧ   {F]8 
ࠧ.  室  ० -
७ 뤥 㦭 
{Escape. 
 襬 ࠡ ० ७-
 뤥  ஡:
 ]18
 ]1. ࢮ ⨥  {F]8
砥 ० ७ -
  뤥 ⥪騩 ᨬ-
. {JAWS ᮮ: "० -
७ 뤥 %.
 ]2. ஥ ⨥  {F]8
뤥 ⥪饥 ᫮. {JAWS
ᮮ: "뤥 ᫮%.
 ]3.  ⨥ 뤥
।. {JAWS ᮮ: "-
 ।%.
 ]4. ⮥ ⨥ ਢ
 뤥 . {JAWS ᮮ-
: "뤥 %.
 ]5. ᫥ ⮥ ⨥ -
  ⥪. ⢥⢥-
,{JAWS 뤠 ᮮ饭: "-
  㬥%.

:::::  ஫   ::::
  ]1. 祬 㦭 뤥
⥪?
  ]2.   ࠩ᪮ ᯫ
易  樨  -
?
  ]3. 㫨  -
 ࠣ ⥪  -
                            ]19
  ⨭  ࠩ-
᪮ ᯫ.
 ]4.  뤥 ⥪  -
 筮 ?
 ]5.  ࠡ⠥ ० -
७ 뤥  ।
{Word?

 ]1.]1.]4. ஢
   ⥪
  믮 権 ।-
஢  ࠡ  ࠩ-
᪮ ᯫ ᯮ ᫥-
騥 :
 - १ 뤥 ࠣ
⥪   - 
{Shift +窨 ]1-]3-]4-]6;
 - ஢ 뤥 ࠣ-
 ⥪   - -
 {Shift +窨 ]1-]4;
 - ⠢ ࠣ ⥪ 
 -  {Shift
+窨 ]1-]2-]3-]6;
 -  뤥 ࠣ
⥪-  {Shift +窨
]1-]4-]5;

 ]20
 - ⬥ ᫥ ⢨-
 {Shift +窨 ]1-]3-]5-]6.
   筮 
   ᫥騬
ࠧ:
 - {Ctrl +{X- १ 뤥-
 ࠣ   ;
 - {Ctrl +{C- ᪮஢ 뤥-
 ࠣ   ;
 - {Ctrl +{V- ⠢ ࠣ
 ⥪   ;
 - {Del- 㤠 뤥
ࠣ;
 - {Ctrl +{Z- ⬥ ᫥
⢨.
    樨
祪    ࠩ᪮-
 ᯫ.  ᮮ⢥
ᠭ 㪢,ᯮ㥬 
   筮 -
.
 騩  ⬠ ஢
 ६饭 ࠣ ⥪
㤥 ⠪:
 ]1.    ६-
 ⠭   
ᨬ 㥬  १-
                            ]21
 ࠣ ⥪.
 ]2. ᯮ  뤥-
,뤥  ࠣ.
 ]3.   ஢
 १ 뤥 ࠣ-
   .
 ]4. ᯮ  -
樨,६    
 ⥪, 室 
⠢  ࠣ.
 ]5.  ᮮ⢥ -
 ⠢ ࠣ  -
 .
    ᯮ짮-
,뤥  ࠣ ⥪-
.    뤥
 뤥   ᪮-
 ᫮,ᨬ,ப,।-
  楢.  ⥬  뤥-
 ࠣ⮬ ந
樨 १  ஢-
  ᫥饩 ⠢.
  , 
   뤥 ࠣ-
 ⥪    -
ࠬ, ⠢  㣮. 
ਬ, ᪠ 㦭
 ]22
ଠ  ୥-ॢ-
⥫,뤥    
 , ⥬ ४-
   - ।-
  ⠢ ࠣ ⠬.

:::::஫   ::::
  ]1.   ⮨ ।஢-
 ⥪?
  ]2.    ࠩ᪮
ᯫ  ᫥騥 -
:
 ) १ ࠣ ⥪;
 ) ஢ ࠣ ⥪;
 ) ⠢ ࠣ ⥪;
 )  ࠣ ⥪;
 ) ⬥ ᫥ ⢨?
  ]3.    筮 -
  ᫥騥 -
:
 ) १ ࠣ ⥪;
 ) ஢ ࠣ ⥪;
 ) ⠢ ࠣ ⥪;
 )  ࠣ ⥪;
 ) ⬥ ᫥ ⢨?
  ]4. 㫨  -
६饭 ।񭭮 ࠣ-
                            ]23
 ⥪.
  ]5.   ஢ ࠣ-
 ⥪   ணࠬ
 ?
  ]6. 㫨  -
஢ ࠣ ⥪ 
୥-ॢ⥫  ⥪-
 ।.

 ]1.]1.]5. ଠ஢
   ⥪
 ,  ⮢
⥪⮢ 㬥 ࠧ
  ଠ஢: ଠ-
஢ 楢  ଠ஢-
 ᨬ. 
 ᭮ ᫮ 楩
⥪ 筮  .
⮬  ࠢ,-
 筮 ࢠ-
   㣨 樨
।祭  
譥   楢 
᭮   ⥪-
.   뤥,-
 ⥬ ᠬ   㯯,-
᫥ 祣 樨 ଠ஢
 ]24
 믮   뤥-
 楢 ६.
 ਢ ᭮  ࠩ-
᪮ ᯫ  ଠ-
 楢:
 - ४祭  ࠢ-
      
ਭ-  {Shift +窨
]1-]2-]3 (㪢 }l);
 - ४祭  ࠢ-
   業   -
 -  {Shift +窨
]1-]5 (㪢 }e);
 - ४祭  ࠢ-
   ࠢ   
 -  {Shift +-
 ]1-]2-]3-]5 (㪢 }r);
 - ४祭  ࠢ-
   ਭ   -
 -  {Shift +窨
]2-]4-]5 (㪢 }j).
   {Word -
 ࢠ   
᫮ - ࢠ. -
 ᥣ  ப ⥪
뢠 , 
 ࢠ.  
                            ]25
   ᫥ -
⠪  ࠩ᪮ -
:
 -   -
ࢠ- 窨 ]3-]8 +஡,-
⥬ 窠 ]2 ( ]1  쬨-
筮 ࠩ);
 -   -
ࢠ- 窨 ]3-]8 +஡,-
⥬ 窨 ]2-]6 ( ]5 
쬨筮 ࠩ);
 -   -
- 窨 ]3-]8 +஡,⥬
窨 ]2-]3 ( ]2  쬨-
筮 ࠩ).
  ,   ࠢ,
⠭ 
ࢠ ਬ  ᥬ -
饬 . ᫨ ᪮쪮
楢 뤥, -
 ࢠ ⠭ 
  뤥 楢.
 ३  ଠ஢ ᨬ-
. ਬ  -
 ⠭ ᨬ  -
 ࠩ᪮ ᯫ:

 ]26
 - 㦨-  {Shift
+窨 ]1-]2 (㪢 }b);
 - ᨢ-  {Shift
+窨 ]2-]4 (㪢 }i);
 - ભ-  {Shift
+窨 ]1-]3-]6 (㪢 }u).
 ਢ  ࠩ᪮
ᯫ  㢥祭  㬥-
襭 ࠧ ᨬ:
 - 襭 ࠧ  
  㭪- 窨 ]3-]8 
+஡,⥬ 窨
]1-]2-]3-]5-]6-]7-]8;
 - 祭 ࠧ  
  㭪- 窨 ]3-]8 
+஡,⥬ 窨
]2-]3-]4-]5-]6-]7-]8.
  ଠ  ଠ-
஢ ⥪饣   -
 ࠩ᪮ ᯫ ,
 : ࠢ {Shift
+窨 ]1-]2-]4 (㪢 }f).
     ଠ-
஢ 楢  ᨬ 
筮 .   -
 ࠢ:

                            ]27
 - ४祭  ࠢ-
     
 ࠢ  ਭ- 
{Ctrl +{L;
 - ४祭  ࠢ-
   業   -
 - {Ctrl +{E;
 - ४祭  ࠢ-
   ࠢ   
 - {Ctrl +{R;
 - ४祭  ࠢ-
   ਭ   -
 - {Ctrl +{J.
  筮  
 筮 -
:
 -   -
ࢠ- {Ctrl +]1;
 -   -
ࢠ- {Ctrl +]5;
 -   -
- {Ctrl +]2.
  筮  
ਬ ।񭭮 -
⠭ ᨬ:
 - 㦨 ({Bold)- {Ctrl
+{B;
 ]28
 - ᨢ ({Italic)- {Ctrl
+{I;
 - ભ ({Underline)-
{Ctrl +{U.
 ,  ਬ
⠭   
{Control  ࢮ 㪢 -
᪮  ⮣ ⠭,
    -
  .
   ਬ 筮
⠭  .  
⮬,   ਢ 
   몫
ਬ ᮮ⢥饣 -
⠭.  , ࢮ
  {Ctrl +{B {JAWS
ந: "㦨 -
祭%.   ஬  ⮩
 {JAWS ᮮ: "㦨-
 몫祭%. ࢮ ⨥
୮ 樨 ⠭-
 뤥 ᨬ ᮮ-
饥 ⠭, ஥
᭨ .
  筮  
 ࠧ :
                            ]29
 - 襭 ࠧ  
 㭪- {Ctrl + (
⭠ ᪮);
 - 祭 ࠧ  
 㭪- {Ctrl + (ࠢ
⭠ ᪮).
 ⨬,   ࠧ-
   ᨬ  -
室 뤥.  ࠧ
᫥   {JAWS 㤥
뢠 ⠭ ࠧ
 㭪.

:::::஫   ::::
  ]1. 祬 ᫥ ଠ-
 ⥪?
  ]2.    ଠ-
  ?    ࠧ-
?
  ]3.  ࠬ ଠ-
 楢  ?  ᨬ-
?
  ]4.  ⠪ ࠢ -
?
  ]5.  ஢ ࠧ -
᪮쪮 楢?

 ]30
  ]6.   㬠,祬 
 ࠢ ४
 ࠢ  
   -?
  ]7.  饣  
ࠢ  ࠩ᪮
ᯫ   筮 -
?
  ]8.  ⠪ 
ࢠ?
  ]9.   ࠩ᪮-
 ᯫ   -
筮 ࢠ  ? 
筮 ?
  ]10.  㦭 ᤥ,⮡
  ࢠ
ࠧ   ⥪?
  ]11.    ࠩ᪮-
 ᯫ ⠭ ࠣ
⥪:
 ) 㦨୮ ⠭;
 ) ᨢ ⠭;
 ) ભ⮥ ⠭?
  ]12.  ਬ  ࠣ
⥪ ६ 㦨୮ 
ᨢ ⠭?

                            ]31
  ]13. 㦭  뤥 ⤥-
 ᨬ,⮡  
⠭?
  ]14.    ࠩ᪮-
 ᯫ  ଠ 
ࠬ ଠ஢ ⥪-
饣 ?    筮
?

 ]1.]2. ࠢ 
   묨   
   ⠭⭮  
    ࠩ᪮ ᯫ

 ]1.]2.]1.  
   
    
ࠧ   㯯:
 - ,ࠡ뢠 -
樮 ⥬  ਪ묨
ணࠬ;
 - ,ࠡ뢠 -
ࠬ 㠫쭮 㯠 
ଠ樨.
  ࠧ, ࠡ  -
짮 ணࠬ -
쭮 㯠  ଠ樨
 ]32
({JAWS for {Windows  {NVDA),
짮⥫  -
⥫  ,।-
祭  ᯥ祭 ࠢ-
 ஬  㠫쭮
஫.   砥,
񭭠   --
 㣮 ਫ 㤥 -
饭 ணࠬ 㠫-
 㯠. ,{JAWS 
 {NVDA   
 짮⥫,ਬ -
襭  ⮬, ଠ
짮⥫ ᫥ ।-
, ।   -
 ⨢ ਫ.
  ணࠬ 㠫쭮
㯠  ଠ樨 ࠧ
᭮ ࠡ 祣 짮-
⥫.  ࠢ,⠪ -
 ,  -
 筮 ,ᮤ-
  {JAWS key  {NVDA.
筮   {Insert 
⮫쭮  
{Caps{Lock  㪠. ,-
ਬ, ⮣,⮡ 
                            ]33
 ਫ {JAWS,᫥
  {Ins +{J, 
  ணࠬ {NVDA
㦭 ୠ  {Ins
+{N.
  易⥫쭮  -
᫥  ୮ 
 ࠧ  .
⢮   
樨   ࠢ
   . 묨 -
  㤥ন 묨
 砭   ⠪
-䨪, {Ins,
{Ctrl,{Alt,{Shift,{Win. 
蠥 ⨥ ,
㪠 ᫥  .
᫥ 祣 室 
 .  ⮨ 㤥ন
묨 ⠭  
- ६.  ⨥
᫥  ⪨. 
㤥ঠ 樨  -
  ਭ  
७   믮 
 ࠧ.

 ]34
 , -䨪-
-    믮騥
ᮡ⢥ 㭪, 騥
१   㣨 -
.
 ਢ ᪮쪮  -
㥬  ணࠬ
{JAWS for {Windows  筮
:
 - {Alt +{Ctrl +{Page{Up- -
 㢥稢 ᪮ ;
 - {Alt +{Ctrl +{Page{Down- -
 㬥蠥 ᪮ ;
 - {Ins +]2 ( 孥 )-
४砥  ;
 - {Ins +{B- 뢠 
ࠢ  浪 ⠡樨;
 - {Ins +{Shift +{B- 稢
ଠ  ﭨ २;
 - {Ins +{J- 뢠  -
ࠬ {JAWS for {Windows;
 - {Ins +{Ctrl +{S- 뢠
 롮 ᮢ 䨫;
 - {Ins +{W- 뢮  㠫-
  ᯨ᮪  -
 ;

                            ]35
 - {Ins +{V- 뢠 
 ஥ {JAWS;
 - {Ins +{F]1-   ⥪-
 ꥪ;
 - {Ins +{F]12- 稢 ⥪-
饥 ६;
 - {Ins +{F]12  -
稢 ⥪ .
  祭  -
 쬠 㤮  -
 ୮ .  -
 筮  砥-
  몫砥   {JAWS 
 {NVDA    ⮩  
 {Ins +]1 ( ᫮
롮 ᪫  -
⮫쭮   
ணࠬ).  ,
  ]1   ᭮
 (孨 ),  
⥫쭮 (). 
ࠩ᪮ ᯫ ० -
୮  砥  -
砥 : 窨
]1-]4-]5-]6 +஡.
  -䨪 -
⢥  
 ]36
ન ࠩ᪮ ᯫ 
]1  ]7,  䨪-
   ⠭  -
 ]8   ஡. 
ਢ ᮮ⢥⢨ 
ࠩ᪮ ᯫ  -
䨪஢ 筮 -
:
 - 㭪樮 - 
窠 ]1;
 - {Insert- 窠 ]2;
 - {Control- 窠 ]3;
 - {Windows- 窠 ]4;
 -  {JAWS- 窠 ]5;
 - {Alt- 窠 ]6;
 - {Shift- 窠 ]7.
 ᫨   筮 -
 ᪮쪮 -䨪-
஢    -
६, ᮮ⢥騥 
窨   ન
ࠩ᪮ ᯫ ⠪ -
 ६  
窮 ]8   ஡. -
,ᮮ⢥騥 -
   
஬ ⠪   ࠡ-
                            ]37
 ᫥  ᪠. 
 ਬ,⮡  ⠭
 筮  {CTRL
+{Shift +}v, ࠩ᪮ -
 ᫥  
]3-]7-]8    -
, , ⥬ 
 ]1-]2-]3-]6 (⨭᪠
㪢 }v).  ,
㪢 }v   窨 ]8.
 ᯮ ᠭ ⮤ 
⠪   
ࠩ᪮ ᯫ  -
  ⠭  -
 .  ࠧ,
   
ࠩ᪮ ᯫ  -
  ᯮᮡ.
 ਢ ᪮쪮  -
 ࠩ᪮ ᯫ,-
   ⨥:
 - {Alt ( 室  )-
ࠢ {Shift +窠 ]2;
 - {Application (맮 ⥪-
 )- ࠢ {Shift
+窠 ]2 +஡;

 ]38
 - {Caps{Lock (祭  -
祭 ०  
㪢)- ࠢ {Shift +窠 ]7
+஡;
 - ⥭ ⥪饣 - ࠢ
{Shift +窨 ]1-]2;
 - ᮪ 饭 ਫ-
ࠢ {Shift +窠 ]5;
 -  - ࠢ {Shift
+窠 ]4.

:::::஫   ::::
  ]1.    㯯 -
ࠧ  -
?
  ]2.   筮 -
ঠ   -
ࠬ {JAWS  {NVDA?
  ]3.  뢠  -
ࠬ {JAWS?  {NVDA?
  ]4.   筮 -
 뢠 蠬--
䨪ࠬ?
  ]5.  ⠪ ० -
 ?
  ]6.     -
 ० ୮ -
                            ]39
 {JAWS  {NVDA?
  ]7.     
ࠩ᪮ ᯫ 
 筮 ,ᮤ-
 -䨪?
  ]8.    
ணࠬ {JAWS   ࠩ-
᪮ ᯫ?
  ]9. 㫨  -
४祭   饭-
 ணࠬ   ࠩ-
᪮ ᯫ.

  ]1.]2.]2.  ࠢ
     
   㦥  ,-
    㦠
  ࠬ஢ ࠡ
ਪ ணࠬ  樮-
 ⥬. ਬ, ࢮ
࠭ ⥪⮢ 㬥
 ணࠬ {Word ஥
,⠪   
 ࠬ ଠ஢-
 㬥  .. ਬ஬
  㦨 .
 ᮤন ⪮ ।
 ]40
祭 ᮢ,  -
  ⢥  ᠢ -
- ⥪, ⠢ -
 ().
  樮 ⥬
{Windows  ࠢ 
   ꥤ-
  ⥬᪨ 㯯 
ᯮ    -
᪮쪨  ( ࠭-
).  ࠧ 
࠭  ࠭
. ࠭  -
࠭ 祡 
  㢨  ணࠬ
{HJ{Pad   ⠢
{JAWS for {Windows ( 
⠢ {NVDA 筮 -
ࠬ ).   ⮣ ਫ-
 "ࢨ%  
"ਬ %.
 ᯮ  
६  ⠬ ࠢ-
  ᫥ 襩
{Tab.  ⭮ 浪 -
 ࠢ  
   {Shift +{Tab.
                            ]41
᫨   ᮤন
᪮쪮 ,  -
饭   ᯮ 
 {Ctrl +{Tab  {Ctrl 
+{Shift +{Tab  ६饭 
⭮ ࠢ. ᫥ -
ᥭ    -
   "{OK% -
襩 ஡.   
뢠 襩 {Escape.
   ࠩ᪮ ᯫ
६  ⠬ ࠢ-
  ᫥ :
 - ६饭  ({Tab)-
窨 ]4-]5 +஡;
 - ६饭  ({Shift
+{Tab)- 窨 ]1-]2 +஡;
 - ६饭  ᫥
 ({Ctrl +{Tab)- 窨
]5-]6 +஡;
 - ६饭  ।
 ({Ctrl +{Shift +{Tab)-
窨 ]2-]3 +஡.
  ६饭  
ணࠬ 㠫쭮 㯠
 ଠ樨 㤥 뢠 -
 , ਡ 
 ]42
 ᫮ "࠭%. ਬ,
{JAWS ᮮ: "騥 ࠭%.
 ⠪ ਠ  -
⥫   䮪,-
,᪮॥ ᥣ, 
ࢮ  ࠢ 
 (࠭).
  ६饭 䮪  -
⠬ ࠢ  ᭠-
 {JAWS ( {NVDA) 㤥 -
  ,⥬
 ⨯, ⥬  ⥪饥 -
祭. ᪫祭 ⠢ -
  ,⨯ 
㤥 㯮   ᮮ-
饭. 
    ᫥-
騥 ⨯ ⮢ ࠢ:
 - -  ࠢ,
 ⨨  ,믮-
 ।ᠭ ⢨;
 - -   
⥪⮢ ଠ樨;
 -  稪- 
ࠢ   ᫮
祭;

                            ]43
 - ஢ ।-
 ࠢ,騩
 祭  ᯨ᪠ 
  ᨬ쭮;
 - ஢ ᯨ᮪- -
 ࠢ,騩 -
  祭  ਢ-
 ᯨ᪠   -
  ᫥ 祭;
 - -  ࠢ-
,騩   -
ਠ  ᪮쪨 ।-
. ⫨稥  ᯨ᪠ -
  ⮬,  ਠ
 ᫮ ᠭ,
    
ப;
 - - 祩  
⠭   "窨%. -
 ⢥   
, ;
 - 㭮-  ࠢ,
騩 ⠭ 祭
 業⭮ ⭮襭.
 襬 ᭮  ࠡ 
᫥묨 ⠬ ࠢ-
.
 ]44
  ⨢樨  ᯮ-
  ஡. ,
᪠ ⨢஢ -
    {Enter. 
  ,
{Enter  ਢ  ⨢-
樨  ⮩ , ன
室 䮪, ⨢஢
 , ࠧࠡ稪
ਫ 稫, 
 㬮砭.  ᮡ
᫥ 뢠  ࠡ.
   ⥪   ।-
    
筮    -
 ન ࠩ᪮ -
.  ⨬ ⠢
࠭ ⮢ ⥪ 
 .
  砥 । 稪
  ᫮  
,⠪  
  ⨪쭮 -
饭 .
  ࠡ  ஢
।஬  ஢
ᯨ᪮ 室 祭 -
                            ]45
ࠥ    -
쭮 ६饭 .
  ⠭  ᭨-
  ᨬ   -
ﭨ 襩 ஡.
 ६饭 㭪  
筮  ⢫-
 蠬 ⨪쭮 
ਧ⠫쭮 ࠢ -
஬. ⮡ ᪮ ६-
 㭪  ᯮ짮
 {Page{Up  {Page{Down.
⮡ । 㭮  -
 ࠩ᪮ ᯫ -
 蠣,ᯮ -
祫쪨,  ६饭 -
訬 蠣  -
祫 ६  
롮. {JAWS  ६饭
㭪 㤥 ᮮ  -
   ᫠ 業⮢ 
  ]0  ]100}.
 ⮡  ᮮ饭  -
  ࠢ,
⨯  ࠭ 祭  -
   ⠭
 {Ins +{Tab.
 ]46
     -
 稢  ⢥-
  ,
⪠  ࠡ  ⨬ -
 . ᫨   
   祭,-
⢥न ᮣᨥ,⨥ -
 "{OK%  "%.  ᥣ,
  砥 ࠧࠡ-
稪 ਫ  
㬮砭.  ,
⨥    -
   {Enter (窨
]8  ࠩ᪮ ᯫ) -
 ⨥ ,祭-
  㬮砭. ᪫祭 
⠢ 砨,  -
⨥  {Enter ந-
   䮪  -
-  .  ⮣
᫥, ᫥ ⠭
㦭 ࠬ஢  ᥣ 
室 ᪠ 
"{OK%  "%, 筮 -
  {Enter  ᫮,
 䮪 ⠭  -
,⫨筮  .
                            ]47

:::::஫   ::::
  ]1.  ⠪  ?
  ]2. 祬 㦭   -
 ?
  ]3.  ६  -
⠬ ࠢ 
   筮 -
?
  ]4.  ६  -
⠬ ࠢ 
   ࠩ᪮ -
?
  ]5.  ந {JAWS 
६饭  ⠬
ࠢ  ?
  ]6.  ६ 
    -
 筮 ?
  ]7.  ६ 
    -
 ࠩ᪮ ᯫ?
  ]8.    -
  ᥭ ?
  ]9.   ࠢ
   ?

 ]48
  ]10.  ࠡ  ᫥-
 ⠬ ࠢ:
 ) ;
 ) ;
 ) ஢ ᯨ᮪;
 ) ;
 ) ;
 ) 㭮?

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祬?

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.  ⮬ 砥 筮
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楩. ᫨  室 ⮡-
 થ 楢, ᫥
ᯮ짮  筮
 {Ctrl +{Shift +]8
( ]8  孥 ஢
).  믮 ⮣ 
⢨   ࠩ᪮
ᯫ  ᯮ짮
⠪⭮ : ஡
+窨 ]3-]7-]8, ⥬ 窨
]2-]3-]6 ( ]8  -
 ࠩ).  몫祭
⮡ࠦ  ᨬ

                            ]131
᫥     
ࠧ.
 祩 ⠡  ᮤঠ
  ⠡. 
ᮧ  ⠡ 
   祩, -
 室  ⠡-
, 믮   ⢨,
  ᮧ ⠡.
  {JAWS for {Windows ᮮ-
頥 "த ⠡%- 
砥, ⠡  ᠬ
 .   
 ⠡,ꥤ
祥  㣨 ᮡ⥩.

:::::஫   ::::
  ]1.   ப  -
 ⠡?
  ]2.   ப 
ந쭮 祩 ⠡? 
⮫?
  ]3.  뢠 ⥪⭮
   ࠩ᪮ -
?
  ]4. 㫨 
㤠 ப  ⮫ ⠡-
 ]132
  । {Word.
  ]5.  㤠 ⮫쪮 ᮤ-
 ⠡,  ⠡
⠢?
  ]6.   㤠 
⠡?
  ]7.  ⠡ 뢠 -
த?
  ]8.  ᮧ  ⠡-
?

 ]3.]1.]4.   ⠡栬
 ⮢  {Word -
稢 ப  
।஢  ଠ஢
⠡.   㬥 ⠡-
,   ᮢ ᫥-
騥 樨:
 - ,஢  ⠢-
 ⥪    祩;
 - ६ ⥪  
 祩  ⠡栬;
 - ⠢  㤠 祩,
ப  ⮫;
 - ꥤ 祩   -
ਧ⠫,⠪   ⨪;

                            ]133
 -  ⠡  ⤥
祩 ࠭栬;
 -  ࢠ 
祩;
 -   祩 㭪;
 - 믮  祩 ᫥-
     㭪権
(  {Excel);
 - ஢   祩
 ..
  設⢥  -
⥩  ⠭  -
. ਮ । 
 ࠡ  ணࠬ {Word -
    ᢮-
 ᠬ⥫쭮.
  ࠡ  ⠡栬  ।
। {Word   -
 ᫥騥  筮
:
 - {Ctrl +{Ins +t- 뢥  -
쭮  ᯨ᮪  
⥪⮢ 㬥 ⠡;
 - {Ins +{Alt +{Shift +{C- ᮮ-
  ⮫  ⥪-
饩 祩;

 ]134
 - {Ins +{Alt +{Shift +{R- ᮮ-
  ப  ⥪-
饩 祩;
 - {Alt +{Win +. (窠)- -
 ଠ  ⥪饬 ⮫-
 ⠡;
 - {Alt +{Win +, ()- -
 ଠ  ⥪饩
ப ⠡;
 - {Win +{Alt +५ -
६   ।騩
⮫ ⠡   -
ଠ  ;
 - {Win +{Alt +५ ࠢ-
६   ᫥騩
⮫ ⠡   -
ଠ  ;
 - {Win +{Alt +५ -
६   ।
ப ⠡   -
ଠ  ;
 - {Win +{Alt +५ - -
६   ᫥
ப ⠡   -
ଠ  ;


                            ]135
 - {Ins +{W- 뢥  ⤥쭮
 ᯨ᮪  
। {Word.

:::::஫   ::::
  ]1.  樨  ⠡-
栬  । {Word  -
?
  ]2.   室 
祩 ⠡ {Word?
  ]3.   । {Word
믮 ᫥  祩
⠡?
  ]4.    㧭
⢮ ⠡  讬 ⥪-
⮢ 㬥 {Word?
  ]5.    -
 ⮫  ⠡ {Word? 
ப?
  ]6.    
⮫  ⠡ {Word?  -
?





 ]136

 ]3.]2. ᪨ ⠡ 
    {MS {Excel

 ]3.]2.]1  
     
    祩 ࠡ祣 
  㦥   ⠡ -
஬ {Excel   -
묨 񬠬   
樨  ⠡. ਠ
⮣ ࠣ  த-
 ⢠  ﬨ
⮩ 魮 ணࠬ. ᯮ
ᯮᮡ ᪠ {Excel,祭
ନ "%  "稩
%, ⠪ ᯮᮡ 뤥
 祥.
  ࠡ  ⠡楩 {Excel
ࠩ᪨ ᯫ  
⪠ ⮡ࠦ न
⨢ 祩.  -
, ⨭᪨ 㪢 (
⮫殢) ⮡ࠦ  窮
]8,  ( ப) ᭨-
묨. ᫥ न 祩
⮡ࠦ  ᮤন.
                            ]137
  ࠪ⨪  
樨,  ॡ 
ࠡ祬   让
 祥 묨 -
묨.  襭 ⮩ 
 㯠  ᫥饬
:
 ]1. 뤥  ࠡ祬 
{Excel  祥, -
室  묨
묨.
 ]2.  室 ,
ਬ, ]1.
 ]3.   筮 -
 {Ctrl +{Enter  -
⠪  ࠩ᪮
ᯫ ஡ +窨 ]3-]8,-
⥬ 窠 ]8. {JAWS ᮮ -
न 뤥  
⠥  .
 ᫥ 믮 㪠 -
⢨, 뤥 
㤥  묨 -
.



 ]138

:::::஫   ::::
  ]1.    -
ࠬ {Excel?
  ]2. ᪠   ࠡ-
    {Excel.
  ]3.  ⠪ "稩 %
{Excel?  ?
  ]4.  룫廊  祩
 ⠡ {Excel?
  ]5. ᪠   -
樨  ⠡ {Excel.
  ]6.   뤥 
祥  ⠡ {Excel?
  ]7.  ⮡ࠦ ଠ
 祩 ⠡ ࠩ᪨
ᯫ?
  ]8. 㫨  -
  
祥 ⠡ {Excel묨
묨.

]3.]2.]2.  易
   
    室-
   祥
ࠧ묨 묨, 易묨
                            ]139
  㣮  ।񭭮
ࠢ. ਬ, 
⮫ ࠡ祣   
쭨,稭  ]29 
]2023   .  
   ணᨨ
{Excel.
 ,  ⥬⨪ -
᪮ ணᨥ 뢠-
 ᫥⥫쭮 ᥫ,
ன  ᫥騩 童
⫨砥  ।饣  -
    稭,뢠
ࠧ ணᨨ.
  ⠡筮  {Excel
ண   ப
祭. ⠬ ணᨨ
 ,ਬ,
. ᫨  ,ᮮ⢥-
饩 쭨,ਡ ]7},
 㤥 祭 ,ᮮ⢥-
 ᫥饬 쭨-
. ਬ, ]2023   
쭨 뫨 ]1,]8,]15,]22
 ]29 ᫠. ,  -
쭨 ࠧ 䬥-
 ண  ࠧ ]7}.
 ]140
 ࠧ, 祭 -
   쭨
 {Excel  ᯮ짮 -
. ⠫ ,
 ⮡ࠦ  
 ।񭭮 , 祩-
 ⮣  㦭 -
 ᮮ⢥騩 ଠ
.
 ⠪,  ⮫ ࠡ-
  {Excel   -
쭨,稭  ]29 
]2023   , -
짮 ᫥騬 -
:
 ]1. ⠭ 䮪  
祩 㦭 ⮫ ࠡ祣
 {Excel (ਬ, {A]1).
 ]2.   {F]5  
 ஢ ᯨ᪠
"뫪% 襣 
"室%  न -
塞  (ਬ,
{A]1:{A]100). ᫥  -
 {Enter,{JAWS ᮮ न-
 뤥 .
 ⥫,᪮ -
                            ]141
 ࠢ쭮 ⢨ 
ਢ   뤥!
 ]3. 맮  "ଠ
祥%,  筮
 {Ctrl +]1  -
⠪  ࠩ᪮
ᯫ ஡ +窨 ]3-]8,-
⥬ 窠 ]2. {JAWS ᮮ:
"᫮  뤥%.
 ]4.  襬 
   "᫮%  ᯨ᪥
᫮ ଠ⮢ 
   롥 "% 
  ଠ -
  {Enter.
 ]5.  뤥  ⠭-
 䮪   祩 -
.
 ]6.  ࢮ 祩 
( 襬 砥  {A]1) 
砫  ]29.]05.]2023 
 뤥  
ᮮ⢥⢨  㭪⮬ ]2 -
 ⬠.
 ]7. ⨢  "-
% ࠢ     -
  {Alt +.
 ]142
 ]8.    롥
㯯 "஢% ᯮ-
  {Tab   -
᫥⥫쭮 ᪨ 㪢 "%
 "%.
 ]9.     -
 㭪 "ண...%.
 롮 ⮣ 㭪 
⠪ ᯮ짮  㪢
"%.
 ]10.  襬 
"ண%   "% 㪠-
 祭 ]7},   "-
쭮 祭% 㪠
]31.]12.]2023   襭
ࠡ    -
 {Enter.
 ᫥ 믮  -
⬠  ⮫ {A  
쭨   ]2023 -
.  , 
 㤥 ⥫쭮 ,祬
]100}.  뤥 
祥  㪠뢠 ]100  -
訬 ᮬ.
    "ண%
    ࠤ-
                            ]143
,ᯮ   -
 뤥  -
묨 祭ﬨ,ࠧ騬
䬥  -
 ண.

:::::஫   ::::
  ]1.  뢠 ணᨥ 
⥬⨪?
  ]2.  祣  
ண  {Excel?
  ]3. 祬 室 ᫥
 ᮮ⢥⢨ ଠ 祩
    ?
  ]4.   ⠭ -
室 ଠ 祩  ⠡
{Excel?
  ]5. 㫨  -
  
易묨 묨  ⠡
{Excel.
  ]6.    ⠡ {Excel
ᮧ  ண-
?



 ]144

 ]3.]2.]3. 뫪
  祩 ࠡ祣  {Excel
 ᮤঠ  ⮫쪮
⥪  ᫮ , 
뫪   䠩 
୥-.   -
 {Enter  ⠪ 뫪,-
,   㪠뢠,-
஥  ᮮ⢥饬 
⮣ ଠ  ਫ
{Windows.
  ࣠樨 뫪 
祩 ࠡ祣  {Excel
㦨 ᫥騩 :
 ]1. ⠭ 䮪  祩
ࠡ祣  {Excel, ன
㦭 ᮧ 뫪,-
, {A]1.
 ]2.   筮
 {Ctrl +{K  -
⠪  ࠩ᪮
ᯫ ஡ +窨 ]3-]8,-
⥬ 窨 ]1-]3-]8 (⨭᪠
㪢 }k). 
 ]3.  襬 
"⠢ 뫪%  ࢮ
                            ]145
 ":%   
ꥪ  ୥-,-
ਬ,}www.av]3715.ru}.
 ]4. ,३ 
{Tab  ᫥饥  ।-
 ":%    
⥪, 㤥 ⮡ࠦ
 祩  뫪,ਬ,
"⥪ 㤨%.
 ]5.  ࠡ  
 {Enter.
   祩 {A]1 ⮡ࠦ-
 ⥪ "⥪ 㤨
%. ᫨  ⮩ 祩 
 {Enter, ஥ 
୥-ॢ⥫, ஬
㤥 ⮡ࠦ  ࠭-
 ⥪. ᫨  
୥-ॢ⥫, 䮪
  ࠡ祬  {Excel
 ⮩  祩.
 ⨬,  ࠧ
 ࣠ 뫪 
䠩,室騩  쭮
( 襬) .  ⮣
  ":% ᫥ 
  室 䠩. 
 ]146
⨨  ⠪ 뫪 ஥-
 ணࠬ,祭 
㬮砭  ࠡ  䠩
 ⨯. ਬ,᫨ 뫠
ᮧ 뫪  䠩  -
७ {MP]3,  㤥 
 ந ந뢠⥫.

:::::஫   ::::
  ]1.  ⠪ "뫪%?
  ]2. 㫨  -
 뫪  祩 ⠡-
 {Excel.
  ]3.   ꥪ  -
 뫪  祩
⠡ {Excel?
  ]4.  ⠪   䠩?
  ]5. ᫨  祩 ⠡
{Excel  뫪  䠩 
 " ]20.}docx%,
ணࠬ   ⨨
 ?

 ]3.]2.]4. ,६ 
    ਬ砭
   ࠡ祬  ॡ-
  ⥪  
                            ]147
६.  ⮬ 祩 
 ᮮ⢥騩 ଠ,
 {Excel   ४⭮
ࠡ뢠  .
 ⮣ ᯮ ᫥騥
 筮 :
 - {Ctrl +; (窠  ⮩)-
⠢ ⥪饩 ;
 - {Ctrl +{Shift +; (窠  -
⮩)- ⠢ ⥪饣 ६-
.
   ࠩ᪮ ᯫ
 ⠪  
᫥騬 ࠧ:
 - ⠢ ⥪饩 - ஡
+窨 ]3-]8,⥬ 窨
]2-]3-]7 (窠  ⮩);
 - ⠢ ⥪饣 ६-
஡ +窨 ]3-]7-]8,⥬
窨 ]2-]3-]7 (窠  -
⮩).
   {Excel -
ন   
-  ᮧ ਬ-
砭  祩.   
,ਬ,᫨  
{Excel  ᪮쪮 ࠡ
 ]148
⮢  ࠧࠧ묨 묨,
१ ࠡ⪨  -
  祩 ⤥쭮 -
.  ⮬ 砥,⮡  -
  ࠧ   -
,  ଠ 뢮-
   祩, -
   ਬ砭  .
  ᮧ ਬ砭  祩-
  ᯮ짮 ᫥-
騬 ⬮:
 ]1. ⠭ 䮪  祩
ࠡ祣  {Excel, ன
㦭 ᮧ ਬ砭;
 ]2.   筮
 {Shift +{F]2 
⠪  ࠩ᪮
ᯫ ஡ +窨 ]1-]7-]8,
⥬ 窨 ]1-]2.
 ]3.  襬  "-
஢ ਬ砭%  
।஢  ⥪
ਬ砭.
 ]4.   {Enter 
襭 樨.
  ,  
।஢ 㦥 㤥 
                            ]149
ப ⥪,ᮤঠ 
짮⥫ .
 ᫥  ਬ砭 
祩,㠫쭮   
让 ᪨ 箪,-
ନ騩 짮⥫  -
稥 ਬ砭.  
䮪  ⠪ 祩 {JAWS for
{Windows ந  -
樥   ᮤন  न-
 ࠧ " ਬ砭%.
    筮 -
 {Ctrl +{Shift +% (-
) ணࠬ {JAWS 뢮 
⤥쭮  ᯨ᮪  祥
 ࠡ祬 , ਬ-
砭. ࠢ   
  祩  ᯨ᪠  
३  , 
{Enter. 
  ,{JAWS  ந
⥪ ਬ砭  ⨢
祩   筮 -
 {Alt +{Shift +' (-
).
  ६饭 䮪  祩-
  ਬ砭 ࠩ᪨
 ]150
ᯫ ⮡ࠧ  ⥪ -
⮬᪨. ᫨ ⥪ -
筮 让   頥 
ப, ᫥  ࠢ
  ५  ।
 ᯫ.
  뢮 ᯨ᪠  祥 
ࠡ祬 , ਬ砭
᫥  ⠪ -
 ࠩ᪮ ᯫ -
 +窨 ]3-]7-]8,⥬ 窨
]4-]7 ().

:::::஫   ::::
  ]1.     祩
⠡ {Excel?
  ]2.   筮 -
 㦠    祩-
 ⠡ {Excel:
 ) 饩 ;
 ) 饣 ६?
  ]3.   ࠩ᪮
ᯫ 㦠    祩-
 ⠡ {Excel:
 ) 饩 ;
 ) 饣 ६?

                            ]151
  ]4. 㫨  -
 ਬ砭  祩 ⠡-
 {Excel.
  ]5.    筮 -
 뢥  ⤥쭮 
ᯨ᮪  祥  ਬ砭?
   ࠩ᪮ -
?
  ]6.    筮 -
  ⥪ ਬ-
  祩?    ࠩ-
᪮ ᯫ?

